TreatyNotable
Peace of Westphalia
A series of peace treaties ending the Thirty Years' War, establishing the modern system of nation-states, state sovereignty, and non-interference in domestic affairs.
1648 CE – 1648 CEEurope
EmpireWarRevolutionPartitionColonialismKingdomDynastyIndependenceGenocideExplorationPandemicReligionCulturalEconomicLegal
TreatyNotable
Treaty of Versailles
The peace treaty ending WWI imposed harsh terms on Germany including reparations, territorial losses, and war guilt clause.
1919 CE – 1919 CEEurope
TreatyNotable
UN Charter
The founding document of the United Nations, signed by 50 nations in San Francisco after WWII to maintain international peace, develop friendly relations among nations, and promote human rights.
1945 CE – 1945 CEAmericas, Europe
TreatyNotable
NATO Treaty
The North Atlantic Treaty established a military alliance of Western democracies committed to collective defense against Soviet expansion, creating NATO.
1949 CE – 1949 CEEurope, Americas
TreatyNotable
Treaty of Tordesillas
A treaty between Spain and Portugal dividing newly discovered and yet-to-be-discovered lands outside Europe between the two powers along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands.
1494 CE – 1494 CEAmericas, Europe
TreatyNotable
Congress of Vienna
A conference of European ambassadors that redrew the continent's political map after Napoleon's defeat, establishing the Concert of Europe and 40 years of relative peace.
1814 CE – 1815 CEEurope
TreatyNotable
Treaty of Nanking
The first of the "unequal treaties" ending the First Opium War, forcing China to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain, open five treaty ports to foreign trade, and pay a large indemnity — beginning what Chinese historians call the "Century of Humiliation."
1842 CE – 1842 CEEast Asia