Independence1765 CE – 1783 CEAmericas

American Revolution

The thirteen British colonies in North America declared independence from Britain (1776) and fought the Revolutionary War, creating the United States of America.

Key Figures
George WashingtonBenjamin FranklinThomas JeffersonKing George IIIAlexander Hamilton

Preceding Causes

Taxation without representation (Stamp Act, Tea Act), Enlightenment philosophy of natural rights, established traditions of colonial self-governance, and British imperial overreach following the Seven Years' War.

Revolution1642 CE

English Civil War

Armed conflict between Parliamentarians and Royalists over constitutional government versus royal prerogative.

Historical Consequences

Created the first large-scale modern republic governed by a written constitution with a bill of rights, inspired the French Revolution and Latin American independence movements, though the revolution preserved slavery and excluded women and indigenous peoples from its democratic promises.

Revolution1789 CE

French Revolution

A period of radical political and social upheaval in France that overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced the Reign of Terror, and culminated in Napoleon's seizure of power.

Cause-Effect Graph

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